QCA Expectations:-
most children will be able to:-	. . . name and give characteristics of several rocks; explain that rocks are used for different purposes; recognise that there is rock under all surfaces and that soils come from rocks; recognise when a test or comparison is unfair; measure time and volume of water carefully; and say what their experiments and investigations show.
some children will not have made so much progress and will:-	. . . name one or two rocks; say that there are rocks under surfaces; and make measurements of time and volume.
some children will have progressed further and will also:-	. . . explain how to make a fair test; explain what their experiments and investigations show in terms of the characteristics and uses of the soils and rocks tested.
(Taken from the relevant on-line QCA Unit 'Expectations')

National Curriculum Levels END OF UNIT ASSESSMENT - ROCKS AND SOILS 3 LEVELS OF EXPECTATION AT1 SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY Pupils can; Level 2 Recognise when a test or comparison is unfair Make suggestions with support about how they might carry out an investigation Make careful observations and descriptions Compare findings with what they thought would happen, and try to explain it Level 3 Put forward their own ideas of how to carry out a fair test Measure accurately time and volume Use observation and measurement to draw conclusions Level 4 Plan and carry out a fair test Explain their results from investigations in terms of the characteristics and uses of the soils and rocks tested Take accurate measurements of time and volume Use their scientific knowledge and understanding to explain, using scientific vocabulary, their conclusions   AT3 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Pupils can; Level 2 Name and describe one or two different kinds of rock, for example, marble and slate Name and describe soil types, for example, sand and clay Know that rocks occur naturally Level 3 Name and describe the characteristics of several types of rock or soil State that soil is made from rock Recognise that there is rock under all surfaces Level 4 Describe, using scientific vocabulary, the differences between rock samples Explain how the soil's structure affects permeability